Amphetamines - ADHD

Amphetamines are a class of medications that are used for the treatment of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and narcolepsy.  ADHD is characterized by a persistent abnormal inability to focus on tasks (inattention) or symptoms of hyperactivity or impulsivity.  Stimulants promote the ability to focus and complete tasks.  

Class Drugs

• Amphetamine

• Dexmethylphenidate

• Dextroamphetamine

• Lisdexamfetamine

• Methylphenidate

Class Mechanism of Action

Stimulates release of dopamine and norepinephrine

• Effects are seen centrally as well as in the peripheral adrenergic system

Class Application

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

• Stimulant effects improve focus and concentration

• Assists individuals in remaining on task for longer than short periods of time

Class Adverse Effects

Addiction

• Tolerance, dependence, and drug-seeking behavior is seen with these medications

Diversion

• Parents or other family members may use the medications

• Patients may sell the medication

Dizziness, anxiety, tremor, hyperreflexia, psychosis

Palpitations, arrhythmias, hypertension

Anorexia

• Children may have difficulty gaining weight on these medications

Nausea

Contraindications

• Hyperthyroidism

• Cardiovascular disease

• Glaucoma

• Hypertension

Drug Table

Drug Name	Application	Comments	Image
Amphetamine	ADHD		"Amp" "Feta Cheese"
Dexmethylphenidate	ADHD		"Dex (phone book)" "Meth" "Date Cookie"
Dextroamphetamine	ADHD; Narcolepsy		"Dex" "Amp" "Feta"
Lisdexamfetamine	ADHD; Binge Eating Disorder		"Liz" "Dex" "Feta"
Methylphenidate	ADHD; Narcolepsy		"Meth" "Date Cookie"