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Catapult Pharmacology
What is the mechanism of action of levodopa?
A 70-year-old male is presenting with concerns about difficulty sleeping. He has noticed that this has worsened since starting selegiline for his Parkinson’s disease. What would be best to review with the patient?
Which of the following medications improves the availability of levodopa to the CNS?
A 68-year-old presents to the clinic with difficulty breathing. He has a history of Parkinson’s disease and takes a number of medications including carbidopa/levodopa, selegiline, entacapone, and bromocriptine. You perform and x-ray of the chest his chest which shows fibrosis.Which of the following medications should be stopped immediately?
Which of the following mechanisms of action makes amantadine a useful medication for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease? (Select all that apply)
A 78-year-old male with memory difficulty is interested in a medication to reduce his memory loss. What is the mechanism of action of the disease modifying agent used to treat Alzheimer’s?
A 78-year-old female on aducanumab for memory loss associated with Alzheimer’s disease presents with a headache. Which of the following causes of headache is known to be a side-effect of aducanumab?
Which of the following mechanisms of action are associated with medications to treat multiple sclerosis? (Select all that apply)
A 4-year-old presents to the emergency department unconscious after ingesting a medication. Her parents bring in an empty bottle of lorazepam that was filled the day prior and say that they found the child as she was eating the last pill. Which of the following medications would reverse the effects of the ingested medication?
A 45-year-old male with chronic alcohol abuse presents to the emergency department seeking care for alcohol withdrawal. You would like to prescribe a medication given to him that would help prevent withdrawal symptoms for a prolonged period. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate?
What type of receptor does lorazepam stimulate?
Which of the following drugs stimulates melatonin receptors?
A 46-year-old with sleep disorder is started on a new medication. She notes that family members have told her she has been eating food from the refrigerator and going back to bed. She is worried because she cannot remember this happening. Which of the following medications could be the causing her symptoms?
A 33-year-old female presents to the emergency department with T=39.1 C (102.4F), HR=112, and BP 141/59. She states that she has been vomiting and on exam you note that she is sweaty and has clonus. She has a past medical history significant for depression and hypothyroidism. She states that she is taking phenelzine, levothyroxine, and escitalopram. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A 17-year-old female presents to the emergency department after overdose of escitalopram. Besides monitoring vital signs, what is another essential component of your evaluation?
What is the mechanism of action of desvenlafaxine?
A 52-year-old presents to your clinic for assistance with smoking cessation. Which of the following are known side effects of bupropion?
A 26-year-old male presents to your emergency department with an abnormal erection lasting for 9 hours. On review of his medications, he reports that he is taking a medication for depression. Which of the following is the most likely medication?
Which of the following is a known side effect of nefazodone?
An 8-year-old male presents to your clinic with their parents and have concern about bed wetting. You have counseled them in the past about nonpharmacologic methods of reducing this problem; however, bed-wetting continues to be a problem. Which of the following medications would be helpful in this scenario?
A 24-year-old female presents to the emergency department after an overdose of amitriptyline. Her blood pressure is 78/41 and has a pulse of 122. On ECG you see that the QRS length is 165 milliseconds (normal 80-100 ms). What is the cause of the widening of the QRS interval?
A 24-year-old female presents to the emergency department after an overdose of amitriptyline. Her blood pressure is 78/41 and has a pulse of 122. On ECG you see that the QRS length is 165 ms (normal 80-100). What is the next best treatment of this condition?
A 54-year-old female with history of depression presents to the emergency department with a headache. Her vital signs are HR=56, BP=214/123, T=98.5 F (36.9C). Her medications are clonidine, glipizide, phenelzine, and levothyroxine. Which of the following are important questions to ask in her history?
You are treating a 23-year-old with bipolar. Your patient has a history of liver dysfunction. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate?
You are treating a 23-year-old female with bipolar. Symptoms have been difficult to control. You are considering starting lithium. What are important factors to consider and discuss with the patient? (Select all that apply)
You are seeing a 45-year-old male for a laceration to the face. You notice a repetitive lip-smacking movement. What is the likely cause?
A 36-year-old female presents to the emergency department with spasms of the neck and back. She was in the emergency department yesterday for nausea and vomiting and received haloperidol. Which of the following medications would be best for treatment of her symptoms?
A 56-year-old male with schizophrenia is hospitalized after having a heart attack complicated by postoperative ventricular tachycardia. Which of the following medications should be avoided for treatment of his schizophrenia?
A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia presents to your clinic with a fever. On workup, you find that his WBC count is 1,200 wbc/μL (Normal 5,000-10,000 wbc/μL), platelets are 78,000 (Normal 150,000-450,000), and hemoglobin is 14.0 g/dL (Normal 13.5-17.5 g/dL).Which of the following medications is the patient most likely taking for his schizophrenia?
A 20-year-old male with seizure disorder presents to your clinic with a rash. He notes that he had a fever, cough, and headache prior to his presentation to your clinic. You note that the rash is involving the inside of the mouth and his eyes appear irritated. Which of the following seizure medications would most likely cause his symptoms?
A man who regularly has seizures presents to your clinic and you recommend initiation of medication to treat his seizures. He has a history of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Which of the following medications should be avoided?
You are on your anesthesia rotation and are in the operating room with your attending anesthesiologist. He tells you that the patient is adopted and has never undergone anesthesia. He asks you what condition would you expect if the patient that you are treating suddenly develops a fever, difficulty oxygenating and muscle contraction?
You are on your anesthesia rotation and are in the operating room with your attending anesthesiologist. He tells you that the patient is adopted. He asks you to tell him which medication you would use if the patient that you are treating suddenly develops a fever, difficulty oxygenating and tachycardia?
Which of the following IV anesthetics has analgesic properties?
A patient presents to your clinic and requires local anesthetic for a biopsy. The patient has an allergy to procaine. Which of the following medications would be appropriate to use for local anesthesia?
What is the mechanism of action of bupivacaine?
A 45 year-old male is sedated in the ICU and is receiving the following medications. Propofol, methadone, metoprolol, and insulin. He develops torsades de pointes. Fortunately, he survives after quickly being treated appropriately. Which medication should be stopped immediately?
A 45-year-old male is sedated in the ICU after an overdose of citalopram. He appears to be uncomfortable due to the endotracheal tube placement. Which of the following drugs should be avoided for pain control?
A 32-year-old male presents to your clinic with chills, piloerection, vomiting, diarrhea, and tachycardia. He reports that he had his last dose of heroin 24 hours ago and would like to have some medications to help control his symptoms. He does not want to continue using heroin. Which of the following medications would you recommend?
What is the mechanism of action of butorphanol? (Select all that apply)
A 76-year-old presents to the emergency department with confusion. She was found to not have an infection. She was found to not have a stroke and her laboratory workup was normal. On review of her medications, you note the following: acetaminophen (back pain), metformin (diabetes), lisinopril (high blood pressure), atorvastatin (high cholesterol), levothyroxine (hypothyroidism), tramadol (back pain), docusate (constipation), latanoprost (glaucoma), multivitamin, melatonin (sleep), amlodipine (high blood pressure), warfarin (atrial fibrillation), aspirin (coronary artery disease), insulin (diabetes), and a glipizide (diabetes). Which of the following medications would be a likely cause of her confusion?
A 65-year-old is on the medical-surgical floor. He is recovering from a painful surgery. His nurse notes that his oxygen level is low and evaluates him. She finds that he is breathing 6 times per minute (Normal 12-16 breaths per minute). He is difficult to arouse, and his pupils are small. What would be the most appropriate medication to administer?
What is the mechanism of action of theophylline when used in asthma?
Which of the following medications is used in the treatment of narcolepsy?
An 8-year-old is currently being treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with lisdexamfetamine. Which of the following would be an expected side effect?