Musculoskeletal

An 84-year old female presents to the clinic with concerns about stomach pain that radiate to the middle of the chest. She currently takes alendronate, lisinopril, and calcium with vitamin D. When questioned further, she notes that the pains started about 2 months ago. You note in your records that she was seen in your clinic and started on alendronate. What advice would you provide about administration of alendronate?

What is the mechanism of bisphosphonates?

A 65-year old female presents to the emergency department with abdominal cramps, fatigue, and difficulty focusing. She is currently being treated for multiple myeloma. Laboratory evaluation reveals that her kidney function is normal and her albumin level is normal. Her calcium level is 12.6 mg/dL (normal 8.5-10.2 mg/dL) She does not appear significantly dehydrated. After hydration her calcium level remains elevated at 12.4. Which of the following medications is indicated?

Which of the following describes the mechanism of calcitonin?

Which of the following medications used to treat osteoporosis, increases infection risk?

A 63-year old female with severe osteoporosis presents to the emergency department. She does not remember the name of any of her medications. She notes that the injection she takes for her osteoporosis is a "biologic" medication. What best describes the mechanism of action of this drug?

In what situation would teriparatide be used?

You are treating a 67-year old patient with open angle glaucoma. Which of the following medications would not be an appropriate selection?

A newborn is diagnosed with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease. Which of the following medications should be administered?

What is the primary reason that NSAIDs are avoided in pregnancy?

A 48-year old farmer presents to the ED with weakness and black stools. They are pale appearing and found to be anemic. They notes that they have been dealing with lots of pain in their shoulder and has been noticing "heartburn" recently. They deny alcohol use, which their partner confirms. What is the likely cause of their symptoms?

What best describes how NSAIDs work?

A 3-year old male presents with a fever. He was given ibuprofen prior to the clinic appointment and now is afebrile. How does ibuprofen treat fever?

A neurosurgeon tells all of his patients to avoid NSAID use for 7 days prior to surgery. Why?

A 13-year old presents after an overdose of acetaminophen. Which of the following is toxic to the liver?

A 13-year old presents after an overdose of acetaminophen. What is the mechanism for the antidote of a toxic acetaminophen overdose?

Which of the following medications would be first choice for treatment of pain in the pregnant patient?

Which of the following medications used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase?

Which of the following medications used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis inhibits pyrimidine synthesis?

A 53-year old male presents to the emergency department after having a syncopal event. His wife reports that he heard that hydroxychloroquine might be useful in the treatment of COVID-19 from his favorite "news" station. He took a large handful of the medications because he feared contracting the medication after standing in line at the grocery store. Which of the following side effects may have contributed to his syncopal event?

Which of the following medications binds B-cell antigens?

Which of the following medications and mechanism are matched correctly?

What is the mechanism of colchicine?

A 23-year old female presents to the clinic with migraine headaches. She is prescribed sumatriptan. Which of the following receptors does sumatriptan target?

Why is there caution in treating patients with coronary artery disease and angina with dihydroergotamine?