Amantadine and Derivatives

Amantadine was initially used as an anti-viral medication for the treatment and prophylaxis against infection from influenza.  It was found to decrease symptoms of Parkinson's disease and began also being used for treatment of Parkinson's. 

In treatment of Parkinson's disease, amantadine increases the release of dopamine and inhibits glutamate receptors (NMDA).  Amantadine also has anticholinergic effects.

Memantine is a related medication, which is used for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Class Drugs

• Amantadine

• Rimantadine

Class Mechanism of Action

NMDA receptor inhibition

• Limits calcium influx into neurons, which prevents toxic levels of calcium intracellularly.

Interferes with viral M2 protein, which inhibits uncoating of the virus intracellularlyClass Application

• See each drug.

Class Adverse Effects

• Restlessness

• Agitation

• Confusion

Drug Table

Drug Name	Application	Comments	Image
Amantadine	Parkinson's Disease; Antiviral Treatment for Influenza	In addition to NMDA receptor antagonism, amantadine causes:; -Increases release of dopamine; -Blocks dopamine reuptake; -Likely disrupts the M2 protein on the influenza virus, which inhibits entry into cells.; Additional Adverse Effects; -Dry mouth; -Urinary Retention; -Hypotension; -Hallucinations	"A Man Dining"
Rimantadine	Antiviral Treatment for Influenza		"R.E.M" and "Ant"